Entropy of (quantum) entanglement in pure states of rapid decorrelation

Speaker: 

Michael Aizenman

Institution: 

Princeton University

Time: 

Friday, April 25, 2025 - 3:00pm to 4:00pm

Location: 

NS 1201

I.  The entropy of the restriction of a pure quantum state to a subsystem is a measure of the entanglement between the system's two components.   

II.  After explaining the concepts, the talk will focus on conditions implying an area-type bound on the entanglement in pure states of quantum lattice models.

Almost Orthogonality in Fourier Analysis: From Singular integrals, to Function Spaces, to Leibniz Rules for Fractional Derivatives

Speaker: 

Rodolfo H. Torres

Institution: 

University of California, Irvine

Time: 

Thursday, May 15, 2025 - 4:00pm to 4:50pm

Host: 

Location: 

RH 306

Fourier analysis has been an extraordinarily powerful mathematical tool since its development 200 years ago, and currently has a wide range of applications in diverse scientific fields including digital image processing, forensics, option pricing, cryptography, optics, oceanography, and protein structure analysis. Like a prism that decomposes a beam of light into a rainbow of colors, Fourier analysis transforms signals into a mathematical spectrum of basic wave components of different amplitudes and frequencies, from which many hidden properties in the data can be deciphered. At the abstract mathematical level signals are represented by functions and their filtering and other operations on them by operators. From a functional analytical point of view, these objects are studied by decomposing them into elementary building blocks, some of which have wavelike behavior too. Decomposition techniques such as atomic, molecular, wavelet and wave-packet expansions provide a multi-scale refinement of Fourier analysis and exploit a rather simple concept: "waves with very different frequencies are almost invisible to each other". Many of these useful techniques have been developed around the study of some particular operators called singular integral operators and,  recently, similar techniques have been pushed to the analysis of new multilinear operators that arise in the study of (para) product-like operations, null-forms, and other nonlinear functional expressions. In this talk we will present some of our contributions in the study of multilinear singular integrals and function spaces, and their applications to the development of the equivalent of the calculus Leibniz rule to the concept of fractional derivatives.
 

The Fractional Calderón Problem

Speaker: 

Gunther Uhlmann

Institution: 

University of Washington

Time: 

Thursday, February 20, 2025 - 4:00pm to 4:50pm

Location: 

RH 306

The famous Calderón problem consists in determining the conductivity of a medium by making voltage and current measurements at
the boundary. We consider in this talk a nonlocal analog of this problem. Nonlocal operators arise in many situations where long term
interactions play a role.  The fractional Laplace is a prototype of a nonlocal operator. We will survey some of the main results on inverse problems associated with the fractional Laplacian showing that the nonlocality helps for the inverse problems.

Integral representations for Cauchy-Riemann solution operators and a global Newlander-Nirenberg problem

Speaker: 

Xianghong Gong

Institution: 

University of Wisconsin-Madison

Time: 

Thursday, February 27, 2025 - 4:00pm to 4:50pm

Host: 

Location: 

RH 306

Abstract: The study of regularity of the Cauchy-Riemann (d-bar) equation in several complex variables has a long history. In this colloquium, we will present several recent results on the d-bar problem. A common scheme for these solutions is to reproduce differential forms via integral representations. We will explain how the Stein and Rychkov extension operators for function spaces can be used to construct integral formulas. As an application, we will show that the integral representations can be used to study the stability of small deformation of complex structures on domains in a complex manifold.

Hessenberg varieties in algebra, geometry and combinatorics

Speaker: 

Patrick Brosnan

Institution: 

Maryland

Time: 

Thursday, January 23, 2025 - 4:00pm to 5:00pm

Host: 

Location: 

RH 306

Hessenberg varieties are subvarieties of flag varieties invented in the early 1990s by de Mari and Shayman.  De Mari and Shayman were motivated by questions in applied linear algebra, but, very quickly, people realized that Hessenberg varieties are very interesting objects of study from the point of view of algebraic groups.  

 

I got interested in Hessenberg varieties because of their connection to questions in combinatorics, in particular, the Stanley-Stembridge conjecture.  I'll explain this conjecture, now a theorem due to Hikita, and I will explain some of my work with Tim Chow, which resolved a conjecture of Shareshian and Wachs connecting Hessenberg varieties directly to Stanley-Stembridge. (I'll also try to say a few words about Hikita's work and the very exciting state the field is in now.)  Then I'll explain joint work with Escobar, Hong, Lee, Lee, Mellit and Sommers on the moduli of Hessenberg varieties. 

Quantum numbers? Surely you're joking, Mr. Feynman!

Speaker: 

Valentin Ovsienko

Institution: 

CNRS, Le Laboratoire de Mathématiques de Reims

Time: 

Thursday, January 16, 2025 - 4:00pm to 5:00pm

Location: 

RH 306

The ideas of quantum physics have had a huge impact on the development of mathematics, all its fields have been influenced. Many notions have emerged, such as quantum groups and algebras, quantum calculus, many special functions. Numbers, the most elementary and ancient concept at the heart of mathematics since the Babylonians, should also have their place in the quantum landscape. This talk is an elementary and accessible overview of the emerging theory of quantum numbers, including motivations, first results, and the connection to other parts of mathematics.

Sperner's Lemma: compelling proofs, generalizations, and applications

Speaker: 

Francis Su

Institution: 

Harvey Mudd

Time: 

Thursday, January 30, 2025 - 4:00pm to 5:00pm

Host: 

Location: 

RH 306

Who doesn't like one of these three: geometry, topology, and combinatorics? Sperner's lemma, a combinatorial statement that is equivalent to the Brouwer fixed point theorem in topology, is amazing and powerful. I'll explain why, give heartwarming old and new proofs, and present some generalizations to polytopes that has surprised me with diverse applications: to the study of triangulations, to fair division problems, and the Game of Hex.

From matrices to motivic homotopy theory

Speaker: 

Aravind Asok

Institution: 

USC

Time: 

Thursday, November 21, 2024 - 4:00pm to 5:00pm

Host: 

Location: 

RH 306

Recall that a square matrix P is called a projection matrix if P^2 = P.  It makes sense to talk about projection matrices with coefficients in any commutative ring; the image of a projection matrix is called a projective module.  This seemingly innocuous notion intercedes in geometric questions in the same spirit as the famous Hodge conjecture because of Serre's dictionary: projective modules are ``vector bundles''. If X is a smooth complex affine variety, we can consider the rings of algebraic or holomorphic functions on X.  Which of the holomorphic vector bundles on X admit an algebraic structure?  I will discuss recent progress on these questions, using motivic homotopy theory, and based on joint work with Tom Bachmann and Mike Hopkins.

 

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