We will establish a bijective correspondence between finite type associative cones in $\R^7$ and their spectral data, which consists of a hexagonal algebraic curve and a planar flow of line bundles in its Jacobian. We characterize the spectral data by identifying various symmetries on them. We prove generic smoothness of these spectral curves, compute their genus, and compute the dimension of the moduli of such curves. Then we identify a Prym-Tjurin subtorus of the Jacobian, in which the direction of the flow must lie, and compute its dimension. Finally we characterize finite type special Lagrangian cones in $\C^3$ as a subclass of such associative cones in terms of the spectral data. These computations are mainly motivated by Hitchin's recent work on G_2 spectral curves and Langland duality.